Clarence Wijewardana (August 3, 1943 – December 13, 1996) was a Sri Lankan musician who pioneered the use of electric guitar in Sinhala music. He is said to have revolutionized Sri Lankan music in the 1960s and is often named as the father of Sri Lankan pop music - having influenced performers in ranging from W D Amaradewa, Premasiri Kemadasa to Athula Adhikari. His music is often characterized by simple melodies built around a melody that features the electric guitar – this style may be best illustrated by the song Malata Bambaraku Se (Translated: Like a Bee To a Flower).
Early life
Clarence Wijewardena was born on August 3, 1943, in Matale, Sri Lanka, to an estate medical practitioner. His family moved to Batugedara, Ratnapura, and abandoned a budding planting career to pursue music full time. He is married to Sheela Wijewardana and they have one daughter Amila Wijewardana.
Moonstones
Wijewardena formed the Moonstones at the age of 21 with Annesley Malewana as lead vocalist. Managed by an advertising icon, Sri Sangabo Corea, the group recorded several songs to be aired on the Saturday Star program in 1966. The young musicians were mentored by Sri Sangabo Corea together with veteran Radio Ceylon/SLBC broadcasters Vernon Corea and Vijaya Corea. Their 1968 debut EP Mango Nanda was released on the JVPC007 Philips label selling up to 5000 copies. It included the songs “Mango Nanda,” “Ruwan Puraya,” “Seetha Ude” and “Menike.” The sophomore release More Hits by the Moonstones came out November that year on the Sooriya label and included the hits “Kalu Mama”, “Rosa male”, “Ramani” and “Goyam Kapanawa.” “Mango Nanda” was selected the best Sinhala song by the Hit Parade program on Radio Ceylon. In 1969 the Moonstones welcomed female vocalist Indrani Perera who sang lead on the best selling “Dilhani.” Wijewardena himself only sang lead on “Dileepa Podi Puthu,” an adaptation of a poem written by Karunarathne Abesekara to his son.
During the ‘Moonstones’ era, Wijewardena, who performed as a composer and music director, became a singer. Wijewardena took the initiative to start a three-man band, he was only the finest self-taught guitarist, and as yet unknown. However, later the ‘Moonstones’ were formed with Annesley Malawana playing the key role as lead singer. Since then this exceptional man and his music dominated the Sinhala pop music industry. He is regarded by many as a pioneering Sri Lankan musician in the realms of Sinhala popular music.
After he left the Moonstones in 1970, he held a musical show in Moratuwa with Shanaka Perera and Wijith Peiris and the show was named as “Breakaways from the Moonstones”.
Golden Chimes
Wijewardena departed the Moonstones and formed a new music group called the Golden Chimes, with ex-Moonstones bassist Chanaka Perera and Lankika Perera in January 1971. Their first release included “Kimade Nawe”, “Mage pelpathe”, “Sihin Sinawai” and “Samanalayo.” Subsequently English language vocalist Anil Bharati joined. The second EP on Philips label contained “Malai Velai”, “Sihil Nuwan”, “Surangana Vesvala” and “Mage Viyowen” and third EP contained “Iru Dina”, “Sandai Tharui”, “Muhudu Rella” and “Thakkita Tharikita.”
At this time Wijewardena found a professional lead guitarist at a wedding. He was the maestro Dixon Gunaratne.
When Christmas bells chime this man is never forgotten with the breeze in December. The Sinhala channels take the lead with the popular Christmas hit “Bethlehempure”. He is none other than the popular man who emerged from another Wijewardena group “Golden Chimes” – Anil Bharati. Clarence is a man who found new talent into Sinhala pop scene. Anil was one of them.
After evaluating Anil’s performance for one year, Wijewardena decided to enter him into the Sinhala pop music scene. Wijewardena composed “Ada Wei Iru Dina” for Anil which became an all time hit followed by the lovely Christmas song “Bethlehempure” and “Maa Adarai Nangiye”. Clarence offered him another all time hit “Tikirimalee” with “Ma Mulin Liyu Pem Pathe”, “Desa Vidala”, “Bambaraku Aduna”, “Sarojini” and “Iru Dina Pamanak”.
In 1972, Wijewardena and Dixon Gunaratne left the Golden Chimes and they both formed a new band known as Super Golden Chimes also with the support of Annesley Malawana in 1973.
The Super Golden Chimes
Wijewardena formed the “Super Golden Chimes” back in the company of his lifelong friend Annesley Malawana. It was one of the most productive music groups in Sri Lanka and together they hit the number one slot in the Sri Lankan music charts on both the Sinhala and English Services of Radio Ceylon and subsequently the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation. For many years they enjoyed the reputation as Sri Lanka’s number one group in the 1970s and 1980s. After three years Wijewardena decided to go solo when Annesley Malewana announced his plans for marriage. The late Mike Gunesekere took over the Super Golden Chimes after Clarence left the group.
Experiments in Music
Wijewardena, like the Beatles, experimented with sitar music and introduced the sitar to some of the songs of the ‘Moonstones.’ Wijewardena was a musician’s musician. He had the ability to grasp new trends in modern popular music. For the first time (for a recording) he used a guitar wah wah pedal for the song ‘Pemkathwawa.’ Also the song ‘Sigiriya’ was the first Bossa nova beat song in Sri Lanka & later he used this beat for the songs Piyaneni, Mage Palpathe, Muhudu Rella, Renin Piyabanna, Maliniye, Ramya (Previously sung by Wijewardena in 4/4 beat), Ran Monarun (Winslow Six), Lalitha Kala (Chithra Somapala) etc. Also he used two guitar players to play lead parts & counter parts of songs such as Sumudu Mal Pipinu, Dileepa Podi Puthu etc. For the first time in Sri Lanka he used the blocked guitar tone for the song ‘Kusumalatha’. Wijewardena introduced some of the guitar techniques through his songs via a single guitar harmony style in the introduction of “Dellepa podi puthu” and arpeggio styles in “Sihina Lowak” and “Malata Bambareku Se”.
“The Twist” was a dance in the 1960s, inspired by rock and roll music of the West. It became a worldwide craze, enjoying immense popularity among young people and drawing fire from critics who felt it was too provocative. Wijewardena composed a song Ma langin for this style and released the song in “Ugayen ugayata” cassette in 1989.
For “Dineka me nadee thira” he used mute guitar technique for the introduction. Some of the guitar techniques Clarence used in his songs are alternate picking, Chicken picking, Carter Family picking, Cross picking, Flat picking, Golpe, Hammer-on, legato, Pick tapping, Pinch harmonic, Pull-off, Slide guitar, Sweep picking and tap harmonic.
Tribute songs
Wijewardena has composed and directed music for a number of songs for the daughters and sons of his friends and relatives. He composed ‘Piyaneni’ in memory of the late Reverend Canon Ivan Corea who was the father of Radio Ceylon broadcaster, Vernon Corea. Wijewardena had met Corea in Maha Nuge Gardens in the 1960s during his visits to meet with Vernon Corea. The song became an instant hit in South Asia and to this day it is sung by Annesley Malewana on his world tours.
Wijewardena composed a song for the son of Mr and Mrs. Vijaya Corea and it was titled as “Viran Bilindhu Puthe” After that Wijewardena changed the chorus part of the song and sang that songs as “Kiri Muhuda Kalabala” Also Wijewardena composed a songs for the son of Chanaka and Lankika Perera and it was titled as “Sihina Pathum Wimane” Also the song “Bethlehempure” which was written by Sri Lanka’s famed lyricist, Mr Karunaratne Abeysekera, became an instant hit on the island. It was one of many songs capturing the Christmas spirit and the birth of Jesus. Wijewardena also composed ‘Naththal Seeya’ in the early 1970s.
Wijewardena’s first solo is ‘Dileepa podi puthu’ was written by Radio Ceylon broadcaster, Karunaratne Abeysekera for his own son. Wijewardena appreciated the work of Karu and wrote an instant song Seetha Pawan to express his gratitude on the day of the funeral of Karunaratne Abeysekera.
Film music
Wijewardena entered the film music industry at that time. The first film with music directed by Wijewardena was ‘Sikuruliya’ and the sound track was supplied by the Golden Chimes – the film includes a scene where Wijewardena and the Golden Chimes perform at a party. Also for the music of the songs of Sikuruliya film, Wijewardena used western musical instruments as well as eastern musical instruments. The song ‘Wasanthaye Mal Kekulay’ which was composed by Wijewardena was the first song that consists of five lines in the chorus part of the song. He directed music for the films in a different and unique style of his own.
